BEAUTY OR BURDEN? PUBLIC HEALTH RISKS OF UNREGULATED SKIN-LIGHTENING CREAMS AMONG WOMEN IN UYO

Abstract

The increasing use of skin-lightening creams in Uyo, Nigeria, reflects a growing public health concern driven by sociocultural ideals that associate lighter skin with beauty, status, and opportunity. This study investigates the health risks posed by unregulated skin-lightening creams, many of which contain harmful substances such as mercury, hydroquinone, and corticosteroids. Using a cross-sectional descriptive design, data were collected from 400 women aged 18–50 years through structured interviews. Results revealed that 44.5% of participants used these products daily, with 50.5% reporting skin irritation, 40.8% sunburn sensitivity, and 28.8% hyperpigmentation. Open markets (47.3%) were the predominant sources of these products, with only 37% of respondents aware of associated health risks. Chi-square analysis showed a significant association between education level and risk awareness (χ² = 21.6, p = 0.002), while logistic regression identified daily use, low awareness, and market-sourced products as predictors of adverse effects. The study highlights critical gaps in public awareness and regulatory enforcement and recommends targeted health education campaigns, stricter product regulation, and the promotion of inclusive beauty standards. Addressing these issues is essential for reducing the health burden associated with cosmetic product misuse among women in Uyo and similar urban centers in Nigeria.