PADS, PERIODS, AND PROGRESS: INVESTIGATING HOW MENSTRUAL PRODUCT SHORTAGES INFLUENCE SCHOOL DROPOUT RATES IN NORTHERN NIGERIA

Abstract

This study explores the impact of menstrual product shortages on school dropout rates among adolescent girls in Northern Nigeria. Employing a mixed-methods cross-sectional design, the research draws on survey data from 900 schoolgirls and qualitative insights from key informant interviews and focus group discussions in Kano, Katsina, and Zamfara States. Findings reveal that 63.9% of girls lack regular access to menstrual pads, and 68.9% have missed school due to menstruation, with 16.4% dropping out for related reasons. Statistical analysis shows a significant correlation between menstrual pad inaccessibility and dropout rates (p < 0.001). Qualitative data underscore the roles of stigma, inadequate school sanitation, and socio-cultural taboos in exacerbating the issue. The study concludes that menstrual health challenges, particularly product shortages, constitute a critical barrier to girls’ education in the region. It calls for integrated policy responses including provision of free or subsidized menstrual products, improved WASH infrastructure, menstrual health education, and anti-stigma campaigns to support educational continuity and gender equality.